Haplogroup e1b1b1 - Haplogroup E-V68, also known as E1b1b1a, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup found in North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Western Asia and Europe. It is a …

 
E-V32, a subclade of E1b1b1a-V68. We can assume that R1b-V88 adopted Afroasiatic (Chadic) when it arrived in the Levant and from there spread to Africa. these are the Afroasiatic languages spoken 1000 - 2000 years ago : Berber is asociated with E-M81, Kushite with E-V32 and Chadic with R1b-V88. Arabic spread later, ca 4 ka.. Crumbl cookies ms tupelo

Haplogroup J1. J1 is most commonly found among the Arab world, especially Yemen, which is the most isolated country in Arabian Peninsula. This is a Semitic gene, not white European. The least influenced regions are Britain, Ireland, Scandinavia, Russia, and several Slavic countries. Haplogroup J2.Y-DNA Haplogroup E and its Subclades - 2018. The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the Main Page. Directions for citing the document are given at the bottom of the Main Page. Version History Last revision date for this specific page: 30 March 2018. Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA ...Haplogroup E-P2, also known as E1b1, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. E-P2 has two basal branches, E-V38 and E-M215. E-P2 had an ancient presence in East …Origins [edit] E1b1b1 origins map. The origins of E-M215 were dated by Cruciani in 2007 to about 22,400 years ago in East Africa.. Ancient DNA [edit]. According to Lazaridis et al. (2016), Natufian skeletal remains from the ancient Levant predominantly carried the Y-DNA haplogroup E1b1b. Of the five Natufian specimens analysed for paternal lineages, three …The various strands of Hap. E1b1b as found in Europe constitute the third most common group of YDNA clades in Europe, after the R1 clades (R1a and R1b of course) and the original I clades. It seems to predate R in Europe, R being associated with the Indo-European invasions of c. ~3,000BC and E1b1b being associated with the spread of …Gaodang King Korguz (高唐王=趙王 闊裏吉思) Noble burials of Mongols in the Yuan dynasty in Shuzhuanglou Site (northernmost Hebei, China, 700YBP) were excavated. All three men excavated belong to Y haplogroup Q, with subclade not analysed. The most principal occupant, Gaodang King Korguz, had mtDNA of haplogroup D4m2. Two …Cast your mind back to that scene in “Minority Report” where all those autonomous cars are whizzing through the city. The more practically minded of you may well have gone: “Yeah, ...Six haplogroup C chromosomes (samples 34–39 in Table S1) were analyzed for the eleven haplogroup C-specific mutations and for SNPs defining branches C1 to C6 in the tree by Karafet et al. . Through this analysis we identified a chromosome from southern Europe as a new deep branch within haplogroup C (C-V20 or C7, Figure S1 ).May 27, 2017 · E1b1b is the Y-DNA haplogroup of Edom. We now know that the founding fathers of both the Greek and Roman empires were Edomites. Under the rule of the princes of Edom, Greece and Rome conquered the Japhetic nations. Both bloodlines now co-exist as one people. It uses the classic format. The columns display each project member's kit number, paternal ancestry information according to project settings, the paternal tree branch (haplogroup), and actual STR marker results. The color coding of STR marker names is explained here. In the haplogroups column, haplogroups in green are confirmed by SNP testing.Haplogroup E1b1b1 (M35) Y-chromosome DNA Testing for Borghese National Geographic Genographic Project Y-DNA Test results: The designations for all 12 loci examined for this purpose are listed here, along with the Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) outcome for each.A. Aliev. Published 30 May 2010. History. Among the haplogroups represented among modern Jews, the frequency of more than 10% can be divided into three of them. They …The human Y-chromosome haplogroup E-V12 is a subclade of E-M78, which in turn is part of the larger haplogroup E1b1b1. According to Cruciani et al. (2007), the E-V12 sublineage likely originated in Northern Africa.It has two main branches: E-V32 which is most common in the Horn of Africa, and E-CTS693 (previously known as E-V12*) which is most …Rothschild DNA Project - Y-DNA Classic Chart. For genealogy within the most recent fifteen generations, STR markers help define paternal lineages. Y-DNA STR markers change (mutate) often enough that most men who share the same STR results also share a recent paternal lineage. This page displays Y-Chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) STR results …Haplogroup E1b1a (E1b1a1-M2), Roberta Estes. The African DNA Project (E1b1a), Dr. Ana Oquendo Pabon. Arabian E Y-DNA Project (E1b1). E-M35 Project …Earlier this week, however, Belgium’s Knack Magazine reported that after tracking down and DNA testing 39 relatives of the Fuhrer, both in Europe and the United States, a chromosome called Haplogroup E1b1b1 showed up in the family samples.Apr 22, 2009 · Y-DNA haplogroup E would appear to have arisen in Northeast Africa based on the concentration and variety of E subclades in that area today. But the fact that Haplogroup E is closely linked with Haplogroup D, which is not found in Africa, leaves open the possibility that E first arose in the Near or Middle East and was subsequently carried into ... The shared presence of haplogroup E1b1b1-M35 in all Tanzanian tribes examined, including Bantu and non-Bantu groups, in conjunction with its nearly complete absence in the West African populations indicate that, in addition to a shared linguistic, cultural and genetic heritage, geography (east vs. west) may have impacted the paternal …This morning, a Lifehacker intern complained that the new Gmail made it too hard to see labels. Then a Lifehacker editor pitched in that the new Gmail makes it too hard to create f...Haplogroup E1b1b1 was found in two individuals (one Anteony and one Ampanabaka). This haplogroup is generally attributed to eastern Africa [ 35 ] and it is …The E1b1b1 haplogroup (formerly known as haplogroup E3b1) has been observed in all Jewish groups worldwide. It is considered to be the second most prevalent haplogroup among the Jewish population. According to one major paper it has also been observed in moderate numbers among individuals from Ashkenazi, ...In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non- recombining portions of DNA from the male-specific Y …major focus of that review was upon Y haplogroup E1b1b1 (E-M35), similar to Cruciani et al, I suggested that in the specific case of speakers of the Chadic family of languages, the high frequency ...Other haplogroup shared by eastern Asians and Mainland southeastern Asians is F2. This haplogroup has a slightly higher frequency in China (1.9–3.3%) and Thailand (2.4–5.4%) , compared to the Laos (0.5%) , Taiwan (0.5%) , Vietnam (0.7%) and Formosa (0.1%) . It should be noted that the majority of F2 HVS1 haplotypes revealed so …The main haplogroups detected in the five ethnic groups analyzed are shown in Figure 2, and allele frequencies are summarized in Supplementary Table 1s.Ten paternal lineages were observed: E1b1b1 ...A is the oldest of all Y-DNA haplogroups. It originated in sub-Saharan Africa over 140,000 years ago, and possibly as much as 340,000 years ago if we include haplogroup A00. Modern populations with the highest percentages of haplogroup A are the Khoisan (such as the Bushmen) and the southern Sudanese.The E-M35 (E1b1b1) haplogroup variations observed in Huelva are shown in Figure 2, and E subhaplogroup frequencies for the 73 populations selected for comparison in Table I. The other important ... Y-DNA Haplogroup E and its Subclades - 2012 The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the Main Page. Directions for citing the document are given at the bottom of the Main Page. Version History Last revision date for this specific page: 8 November 2012 Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA ... For people tested with paternal haplogroup (Y-DNA haplogroup) E1b1b1c1* (E-M34) or for people believed to have had this haplogroup based on tests of paternal descendants. Defining Mutations. M34; Origin ... E1b1b1 - E-M35. E1b1b1a2 - E-V13; E1b1b1c1 - E-M34; Famous Members. Napoléon Bonaparte (1769-1821), Emperor of the French;Haplogroup E-P147. Haplogroup E-P147 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Haplogroup E-P147, along with the less common haplogroup E-M75, is one of the two main branches of the older haplogroup E-M96. The E-P147 clade is commonly observed throughout Africa and is divided into two subclades: the less common, haplogroup E …Nov 22, 2013 · Haplogroup E1b1b1 was found in two individuals (one Anteony and one Ampanabaka). This haplogroup is generally attributed to eastern Africa and it is also found at moderate frequencies in North Africa and the Middle East. Haplogroup E2b was present in an Ampanabaka individual and was present at 7% in the Antalaotra. not arise simultan eously. Introduction. There are seven Jewish clusters in haplogroup. E1b1b1 — two large, E1b1b1c1*-D1 a nd. E1b1b1c1a*-B (include a total of over 60% of the. Jews of ...Haplogroup U5 is found in modern Egyptians, and is found in modern Egyptian Berbers from the Siwa Oasis in Egypt. A 2009 study by Coudray et al. recorded haplogroup U5 at 16.7% in the Siwa Oasis in Egypt, whereas haplogroup U6 is more common in other Berber populations to the west of Egypt. 2020 study on two Egyptian child mummies About us. The E-M35 Phylogeny Project (formerly known as the E3b Y-DNA Project) is a repository of haplotype and haplogroup data collected from participants in many countries around the world. It is open to persons from all surnames and all geographical regions that have been predicted or tested as E1b1b1 (formerly E3b) in any of its subclades. Round-trip flights to Orlando from west coast cities at under $300. A vacation to sunny Florida is always a cure for the winter blues. So, why not take advantage of these Alaska Ai...May 27, 2017 · E1b1b is the Y-DNA haplogroup of Edom. We now know that the founding fathers of both the Greek and Roman empires were Edomites. Under the rule of the princes of Edom, Greece and Rome conquered the Japhetic nations. Both bloodlines now co-exist as one people. Haplogroup E-M2, also known as E1b1a1-M2, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.E-M2 is primarily distributed within Africa followed by West Asia. More specifically, E-M2 is the predominant subclade in West Africa, Central Africa, Southern Africa, and the region of the African Great Lakes; it also occurs at moderate frequencies in North Africa, and the Middle East. Jul 28, 2011 · Abstract and Figures. The existence of common SNP mutations for a number of clusters, subclades and unclassified members of hap-logroup E1b1b1 was suggested. TMRCA of common branches for several ... We've shown you how to use a sheet of paper to test the sharpness of your knives, but if you're no fan of slicing paper, Master Bladesmith Bob Kramer has a few other ways to make s...the biological side. This correlation is claimed to involve the Haplogroup E1B1B or rather a. subclade thereof, E1B1B1. There is one amusing point that I can't resist. mentioning. We are talking about Y-DNA which is, obviously, passed along on. the father's side. "Jewishness" at least in the religious sense is.In particular, although the major focus of that review was upon Y haplogroup E1b1b1 (E-M35), similar to Cruciani et al, I suggested that in the specific case of …Nowadays E1b1b is the only Mediterranean haplogroup consistently found throughout Europe, even in Norway, Sweden, Finland and Baltic countries, which are conspicuous …E1b1b and E1b1b1 are the currently accepted names found in the proposals of the Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC), for the clades defined by mutation M215 and M35.1 respectively, which can also be referred to as E-M215 and E-M35.1. [5] The nomenclature E3b (E-M215) and E3b1 (E-M35.1) respectively were the YCC defined names used to …Larger crypto investors "tended to sell their coins right before steep price declines, while smaller investors were still buying," a new study found. Jump to Cryptocurrency markets...Y-DNA Haplogroup E and its Subclades - 2018. The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the Main Page. Directions for citing the document are given at the bottom of the Main Page. Version History Last revision date for this specific page: 30 March 2018. Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA ...Haplogroup E-M96. Haplogroup E-M96 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is one of the two main branches of the older and ancestral haplogroup DE, the other main branch being haplogroup D. The E-M96 clade is divided into two main subclades: the more common E-P147, and the less common E-M75 .Haplogroups E1b1b1c1 ( M34) and E1b1b1c1a (M84) among Jews. Could Abraham be E1b1b 1c1. or E1b1b1c1a? A.A. Aliev, D.L. Tartakovsky. Abstract. The …Other non-Bantu lineages found within this haplogroup are E1b1b1a-M78 and E1b1b1-M81, which have been frequently found in North Africa and also in Europe. 32. Both haplogroups G and N (accounting ...The E1b1b1b-M81. haplogroup was most frequently observed among 295 men Berber-speaking. originating from Morocco, its frequency was 79.1% among Northern men, 89.8%. among men from Center and 98.5% ...Haplogroup E-M132, formerly known as E-M33 (E1a), is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Along with E-P177, it is one of the two main branches of the older E-P147 paternal clade. E-M132 is divided into two primary sub-branches, E-M44 and E-Z958, with many descendant subclades.The sector could create 330,000 jobs in the next five years. India’s major renewable energy push could be as much about poverty reduction and job creation as it is about energy sec...E1b1b1 = M35 is thought to have arisen 25,000 years ago., known currently as E1b1b1c1, originated in Anatolia. From there it spread West into Europe and South into the Middle East and Africa. ... mtDNA Haplogroup H probably evolved in West Asia ~30,000 years ago and then arrived in Europe ~20-25,000 years ago, spreading rapidly to the southwest ...Other haplogroup shared by eastern Asians and Mainland southeastern Asians is F2. This haplogroup has a slightly higher frequency in China (1.9–3.3%) and Thailand (2.4–5.4%) , compared to the Laos (0.5%) , Taiwan (0.5%) , Vietnam (0.7%) and Formosa (0.1%) . It should be noted that the majority of F2 HVS1 haplotypes revealed so …In particular, although the major focus of that review was upon Y haplogroup E1b1b1 (E-M35), similar to Cruciani et al, I suggested that in the specific case of speakers of the Chadic family of languages, the high frequency of R haplotypes, which are otherwise uncommon in most of Africa, seems to be relevant for judging the strength of the ...Apr 11, 2024 · Albert Einstein (born 1879-died 1955), Jewish physicist. According to the genetic test results of the descendants of Einstein's great-grandfather, Naphtali Hirsch Einstein, Einstein belongs to the haplogroup E-Z830. Approximately 20% of German Jews belong to E1b1b. Stephen Arthur Pink (1954-), Canadian-American cognitive scientist and popular ... The haplogroup assignment follows the most recently updated NRY phylogeny . ... E1b1, CF, E1b1b1b and E1b1b1 to Axis 2 (contribution>5%). As observed for mtDNA, the Noir Marron are clustered in a group composed predominantly of West African and South West African populations, while other African populations are peripheral to this … In brief, a summary of papers [5, 6] reduces to the fact that different subclades of haplogroup E1b1b1 (M35) have been presented in the Middle East from ancient times. From these subclades, the maximum time of the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) among Jews has E1b1b1c1 (M34) subclade: 3375±430 years ago. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Read this article to find out about low-maintenance, water-conserving plants and landscaping for your yard with printable lists of plants, shrubs, and trees. Expert Advice On Impro...I HAVE NOTICED THAT, East African Somalis and Ethiopians are all carriers of an old subclade of E1B1B and they carry some European haplogroups. Berbers from coastal North Africa are also heavy E1B1B e-m81 carriers(a newer subclade) and all their maternal haplogroups are European/Eurasian And E1B1B v-13, heavy in the …not arise simultan eously. Introduction. There are seven Jewish clusters in haplogroup. E1b1b1 — two large, E1b1b1c1*-D1 a nd. E1b1b1c1a*-B (include a total of over 60% of the. Jews of ...Haplogroup E-M78 is distributed over a wide area stretching from eastern (21.5%) and northern (18.5%) Africa to the Near East (5.8%) and Europe (7.2%), where it represents the most common E1b1b subhaplogroup . However, many of the newly described subhaplogroups of E-M78 have a much more limited geographical distribution.Aug 24, 2010 · Haplogroup E1b1b1, which accounts for approximately 18 to 20 per cent of Ashkenazi and 8.6 per cent to 30 per cent of Sephardic Y-chromosomes, appears to be one of the major founding lineages of ... E-M215 or E1b1b, formely known as E3b, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. E-M215 has two basal branches, E-M35 and E-M281. E-M35 is primarily distributed in North Africa and the Horn of Africa, and occurs at moderate frequencies in the Middle East, Europe, and Southern Africa. E-M281 occurs at a low frequency in Ethiopia . Origins. Haplogroup E-P2. Haplogroup E-P2, also known as E1b1, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. E-P2 has two basal branches, E-V38 and E-M215. E-P2 had an ancient presence in East Africa and the Levant; presently, it is primarily distributed in Africa where it may have originated, and occurs at lower frequencies in the Middle East and Europe . Read about the progress made on our Today's Addition master bedroom home remodeling project. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Latest View All Guides Latest View All Radi...Aug 15, 2012 · The linguistic group and carriers of E1b1b1 lineage have a high probability to have arisen and dispersed together from the region of origin of this language family.[13][14][15] Amongst populations with an Afro-Asiatic speaking history, a significant proportion of Jewish male lineages are E1b1b1 (E-M35).[16] Haplogroup E1b1b1, which accounts for ... FamilyTreeDNA - Haplogroup E1b1a- V38 Project. The major branch points on our shared paternal lineage trace back through genealogy, history, antiquity, and ancient …E-V32, a subclade of E1b1b1a-V68. We can assume that R1b-V88 adopted Afroasiatic (Chadic) when it arrived in the Levant and from there spread to Africa. these are the Afroasiatic languages spoken 1000 - 2000 years ago : Berber is asociated with E-M81, Kushite with E-V32 and Chadic with R1b-V88. Arabic spread later, ca 4 ka.In particular, although the major focus of that review was upon Y haplogroup E1b1b1 (E-M35), similar to Cruciani et al, I suggested that in the specific case of speakers of the Chadic family of ...Haplogroup E-M96 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is one of the two main branches of the older and ancestral haplogroup DE, the other main branch being haplogroup D. ... E-M35, also known as E1b1b1-M35, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. E-M35 has two basal branches, E-V68 and E-Z827. E-V68 and E-Z827 are …Y-DNA Haplogroup E and its Subclades - 2012 The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the Main Page. Directions for citing the document are given at the bottom of the Main Page. Version History Last revision date for this specific page: 8 November 2012 Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA ... Haplogroup K itself is thought to have originated in Western Asia some 12,000 years ago. A 2006 study by Behar et al., [66] based on high-resolution analysis of Haplogroup K (mtDNA), suggested that about 40% of the current Ashkenazi population is descended matrilineally from just four women, or "founder lineages", likely of mixed European and ... Haplogroup E1b1b1 (M35) Y-chromosome DNA Testing for Borghese National Geographic Genographic Project Y-DNA Test results: The designations for all 12 loci examined for this purpose are listed here, along with the Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) outcome for each.Frequent revisions mean that today's strong GDP data may not be what they seem. The US economy grew by 4.1% in the second quarter, according to the Commerce Department. The data pu..."With capital controls, it would be difficult for the [yuan] to become a viable international currency," economist Stephen Jen told Insider. Jump to The dollar has been king for de...Haplogroup E-M132, formerly known as E-M33 (E1a), is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Along with E-P177, it is one of the two main branches of the older E-P147 paternal clade. E-M132 is divided into two primary sub-branches, E-M44 and E-Z958, with many descendant subclades.The study identified the deep ancient origins of Brahmins by tracing their Y-chromosome haplogroups and genetic markers on the Y-DNA phylogenetic tree. It was confirmed that the progenitors of this group emerged from at least 12 different geographic regions of the world. The study concluded that about 83% of the Brahmins in the dataset belonged ...Haplogroup E1b1b1, which accounts for approximately 18 to 20 per cent of Ashkenazi and 8.6 per cent to 30 per cent of Sephardic Y-chromosomes, appears to be one of the major founding lineages of ...

Hi everyone, I just got my Y DNA haplogroup and it is E-M35. From the non-stop reading Ive been doing, this falls into the E1b1b1 subgroup. I am seeing many of my matches with the haplogroup E-L117 however. In some literature, they say M35 and L117 are pretty much identical (same E1b1b1 group).. Fedex on lee trevino

haplogroup e1b1b1

Haplogroup E1b1a (E1b1a1-M2), Roberta Estes. The African DNA Project (E1b1a), Dr. Ana Oquendo Pabon. Arabian E Y-DNA Project (E1b1). E-M35 Project …In brief, a summary of papers [5, 6] reduces to the fact that different subclades of haplogroup E1b1b1 (M35) have been presented in the Middle East from ancient times.Online advertising is about to change. Online advertising is a fickle thing. It accounts for 20% of the ad industry’s total spending, and over 90% of revenue for the internet giant...You had cosmetic breast surgery to change the size or shape of your breasts. You may have had a breast lift, breast reduction, or breast augmentation. You had cosmetic breast surge...Haplogroup E1b1b1 shows the greatest divergences, with F CT = 0.233, with p-value = 0.00067. The parameter set for BATWING is described in the …We know from this and other studies that E1b1b1 dominates the Berber speaking area, leaving the Siwa result as quite surprising and unique. This in turn raises … 057559/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom. We have characterized the Y chromosome carried by President Thomas Jefferson, the general rarity of which supported the idea that he, or a patrilineal relative, fathered the last son of his slave Sally Hemings. It belongs to haplogroup K2, a lineage representing only approximately 1% of chromosomes …. The latest tech hearing was a study in contrasts. Contrasts between lawmakers who made an effort to stay on topic in a hearing ostensibly about social media and the 2020 election a...Haplogroup E1b1a- V38 Project - Y-DNA SNP. The major branch points on our shared paternal lineage trace back through genealogy, history, antiquity, and ancient anthropology to reach our early hominid ancestors who lived in Africa. Recent (terminal) branches may be as recent as ten generations old or several thousand years.Seventeen males (including two pairs of relatives with a shared patriline) belong to haplogroups on the E1b1b1 (E-M215) branch that likely originated in northeast …Aug 15, 2012 · The linguistic group and carriers of E1b1b1 lineage have a high probability to have arisen and dispersed together from the region of origin of this language family.[13][14][15] Amongst populations with an Afro-Asiatic speaking history, a significant proportion of Jewish male lineages are E1b1b1 (E-M35).[16] Haplogroup E1b1b1, which accounts for ... In human genetics, Y Haplogroup E1b1b (E-M215) previously known as E3b (or “haplotype V” [4]) is one of the major paternal lines of humanity, linking from father-to-son back to a common male ancestor. E1b1b1c (E-M123), formerly E3b1c or E3b3, is mostly known for its major sub-clade E1b1b1c1 (E-M34), which dominates this clade. The first was a Central Asian lineage harbouring haplogroups R1 and R2. The second lineage was of Middle-Eastern origin represented by haplogroups J2*, Shia-specific E1b1b1, and to some extent G* and L*. The third was the indigenous Indian Y-lineage represented by haplogroups H1*, F*, C* and O*. Haplogroup E1b1b1 was observed in Shias only. In particular, although the major focus of that review was upon Y haplogroup E1b1b1 (E-M35), similar to Cruciani et al, I suggested that in the specific case of …Haplogroups E1b1b1c1 ( M34) and E1b1b1c1a (M84) among Jews. Could Abraham be E1b1b 1c1. or E1b1b1c1a? A.A. Aliev, D.L. Tartakovsky. Abstract. The …Abstract and Figures. The existence of common SNP mutations for a number of clusters, subclades and unclassified members of hap-logroup E1b1b1 was suggested. TMRCA of common branches for several ...Haplogroup E1b1b1, which accounts for approximately 18 to 20 per cent of Ashkenazi and 8.6 per cent to 30 per cent of Sephardic Y-chromosomes, appears to be one of the major founding lineages of the Jewish population. Many victims of Hitler's Holocaust, like Anne Frank, were Ashkenazi.Y-DNA Haplogroup E and its Subclades - 2008 The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the Main Page. Directions for citing the document are given at the bottom of the Main Page. Version History Last revision date for this specific page: 31 December 2008 Because of continuing research, the structure of …Seventeen males (including two pairs of relatives with a shared patriline) belong to haplogroups on the E1b1b1 (E-M215) branch that likely originated in northeast Africa ~25 kya 72 and is commonly ....

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