Ph020 - Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like pH = 2, pH = 5.6, pH = 2.6 and more.

 
The concentration of H+ ions from HClO4 is equal to the concentration of HClO4 itself, which is 0.015 M. So the correct pH of the mixture of 0.020 M HBr and 0.015 M HClO4 is approximately 1.46. To find the pH of an acidic solution, you need to calculate the hydrogen ion concentration ( [H+]) first. Since both HBr and HClO4 are strong acids that .... Lion cash

Find out what pill has the imprint PH 020 and contains acetaminophen 325 mg. See the …For ammonia, pKb = 4.75. Calculate the pH of 1.0 L of the original buffer upon addition of 0.010 mol of solid NaOH to the original buffer solution. Calculate the pH of 1.0 L of the original buffer upon addition of 30.0 mL of 1.0 M HCl to the original buffer solution. Here’s the best way to solve it. 1) initially pOH = pKb + log [NH4Cl] / [NH3 ...Arctic Hayes PH020 Gas Leak Spray 400Ml. Special Price £5.34 £4.45. List Price £10.00. In stock. SKU. PTDARCPH020. For delivery on 15/05/2024, order this item in the next . Qty-+ Add to Basket. Arctic Hayes Gas Leak …PH 020 is a white, round pill with the imprint PH 020, containing 325 mg of acetaminophen. It is used to treat pain and fever and belongs to the drug class miscellaneous analgesics. See morePH020-803 showed excellent brain penetration with a Kp value of 0.16. In two CDX models (HCT116 MTAP-/- and LU99), PH020-803 at a dose of 100 mg/kg QD potently inhibited tumor growth without ... Results 1 - 1 of 1 for "PH 020 White and Round" PH 020 . Pharbetol Regular Strength Strength acetaminophen 325 mg Imprint PH 020 Color White Shape Round View details. This makes Opill suitable for most* people who can become pregnant - even those with certain conditions such as those who experience migraines, have high blood pressure, are breastfeeding, are perimenopausal, or are smokers >35 years of age. The use of Opill is not restricted by age. As long as you have started menstruating, it is safe for you ...Physiological effects of oxycodone include: Pain relief, sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, papillary constriction, and cough suppression. Extended or chronic use of oxycodone containing acetaminophen may cause severe liver damage. Euphoria and feelings of relaxation are the most common effects of oxycodone on the brain, which ...PH020-2 possessed excellent PK profiles in all species with absolute bioavailability of 98% in dogs. At the same time, PH020-2 showed outstanding brain penetration in rats (Kp, 0.67). In three CDX models (H838, H2170, Hup-T4), PH020-2 at a dose of 25 mg/kg BID potently inhibited tumor growth, and tumor regression was observed at higher doses in ... Find step-by-step Chemistry solutions and your answer to the following textbook question: Calculate the pH of a 0.020 M solution of oxalic acid $\left( H _2 C _2 O _4\right)$.. PH 020. View Drug. pharbest pharmaceuticals, inc. pharbetol regular strength …VI. 3. 4. 5. b. If on the basis of available safety information, there is no need to conduct such studies, appropriate justification (discussed under Section 3.2 RMPPH 020. View Drug. rugby laboratories. rugby regular strength acetaminophen (acetaminophen) tablet. ROUND WHITE PH 020. View Drug. x Try the Professional Version.A pair of HCT116 isogenic cell lines (MTAP-/- and MTAP+/+) were used to determine the effects of PH020-803 on cell proliferation and intracellular symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) content. The present data suggest that PH020-803 is an MTA-cooperative and brain-penetrable PRMT5 inhibitor that selectively targets MTAP-deleted tumors." Specially formulated to trace positive pressure leaks in pipelines and fittings. No need to submerge parts or lines to test. Non-flammable and non-corrosive, suitable for use on gas, air and nitrogen leaks. The micro-porous foam instantly highlights the smallest of leaks. Aerosol delivery for high-powered application. redness, swelling; or. liver problems--loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain (upper right side), tiredness, itching, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes). Less serious side effects may be more likely, and you may have none at all. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur.KANA KAWANISHI PHOTOGRAPHYは、2022年4月9日(土)より、小松敏宏個展『ミザナビーム|Mise en Abyme』を開催いたします。This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Question: What is the pH of a 0.20 M solution of aqueous hypobromous acid (HBroj? 4.7 (0) 11.0 (A) 3.0 What is the pH of a 0.20 M solution of aqueous potassium romite (KBro)? (A) 3.0 (C) 9.3 2 (B) 4.7 (C) 9.3 D) 11.0 3. Aquarius Pull Out Faucet Hose PH020. Comes With Magnetic Adaptor. Used For: K133-CP/BN/ORB. SKU: AQUA289 Categories: Faucet Parts, Flexible Hoses, PLUMBING. Additional information. Chemistry questions and answers. What is the pH of a 0.020 m RbOH solution? A) 0.020 B) 12.30 C) 0.040 D)1.70.Final Answer: The pH of a 0.020 mol/L Ba (OH)₂ solution is approximately 12.60 due to its strong base nature and hydroxide ions. Explanation: Barium hydroxide is a strong base that dissociates completely in water. It releases two hydroxide ions per molecule. The concentration of hydroxide ions can be calculated from the molarity of the ...Einstein-aether gravity: a status report. This paper reviews the theory, phenomenology, and observational constraints on the coupling parameters of Einstein-aether gravity, i.e. General Relativity coupled to a dynamical unit timelike vector field. A discussion of open questions concerning both phenomenology and fundamental issues … WHITE ROUND Pill with imprint ph 020 tablet for treatment of Fever, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, Liver Diseases, Pain with Adverse Reactions & Drug Interactions supplied by Pharbest Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Final Answer: The pH of a 0.020 mol/L Ba (OH)₂ solution is approximately 12.60 due to its strong base nature and hydroxide ions. Explanation: Barium hydroxide is a strong base that dissociates completely in water. It releases two hydroxide ions per molecule. The concentration of hydroxide ions can be calculated from the molarity of the ... WHITE ROUND Pill with imprint ph 020 tablet for treatment of Fever, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, Liver Diseases, Pain with Adverse Reactions & Drug Interactions supplied by Pharbest Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Strong Bases are bases that can completely react with water to form stoichiometric amounts of hydroxide ions. This means that if we are given the concentration of a solution of a strong base, we can calculate the hydroxide ion concentration through simple stoichiometry rather than making use of the equilibrium constant expression.Pill Imprint P 20. This white round pill with imprint P 20 on it has been identified as: Escitalopram 20 mg (base). This medicine is known as escitalopram. It is available as a prescription only medicine and is commonly used for Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Depression, Fibromyalgia ...PH020-803 showed excellent brain penetration with a Kp value of 0.16. In two CDX models (HCT116 MTAP-/- and LU99), PH020-803 at a dose of 100 mg/kg QD potently inhibited tumor growth without ...Pharbetol is a brand of acetaminophen that is used to treat mild to moderate pain and …Jun 3, 2023 · Learn about the potential side effects of PH 020 pill and how Nao Medical can help you manage them. Book an appointment today. Pascol Crab Claw PH020 / #f3724f Hex Color Code. The hexadecimal color code #f3724f is a medium light shade of red-orange. In the RGB color model #f3724f is composed of 95.29% red, 44.71% green and 30.98% blue. In the HSL color space #f3724f has a hue of 13° (degrees), 87% saturation and 63% lightness.PH020 Pull Handle - Lawrence HardwareUses. This medication is used to treat symptoms caused by too much stomach acid such as heartburn, upset stomach, or indigestion. It is an antacid that works by lowering the amount of acid in the ...Results for ph 020 White; Print "ph 020 White" Pill Images. The following drug pill images match your search criteria. Search Results; Search Again; Results 1 - 1 of 1 for "ph 020 White" PH 020 . Pharbetol Regular Strength Strength acetaminophen 325 mg Imprint PH 020 Color White Shape Round View details.March 11, 2024 DO 004, S. 2024 – Guidelines in the Procurement of Goods Using the Supply and Delivery Strategy and Contract Implementation of Procurement of Goods in the Department of Education. FEBRUARY 19, 2024 DO 003, S. 2024 – Amendment to DepEd Order No. 022, s. 2023 (Implementing Guidelines on the School …Pittsburgh Water & Sewer Authority. 1,498 likes · 121 talking about this · 37 were here. PWSA provides water, sewer, & stormwater services to 465,000 consumers in the City of PittsburghTake these popular online negotiations courses and master the art of controling your next small business negotiation from start to finish. If you buy something through our links, w...The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is responsible for more fatalities than the SARS coronavirus, despite being in the initial stage of a global pandemic. The first suspected case in the Philippines was investigated on January 22, 2020, and 633 suspected cases were reported as of March 1. We describe the clinical and …PH 020 Color White Shape Round View details. PH 044 . Pharbetol Extra Strength …Step 1. Calculate the pH in 0.020MH2SO3 (for which K al =1.5×10−2 and K a2 = 6.3×10−8 ). Express the pH to two decimal places. Part B Calculate the concentrations of H3O+ and OH− in 0.020MH2SO3. Express the molarities to two significant figures separated by a comma.Ref: PH020 ; Marca · PHALLEBEAUTY ; Produtos relacionados · SABONETE FACIAL ROSA MOSQUETA PHALLE BEAUTY PH0175. R$ 7,50 · Ver produto · SABONETE FACIAL ...Arctic Hayes Ltd 9 Millshaw Park Ave Leeds LS11 0LR United Kingdom +44 (0) 113 271 5245 [email protected] novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is responsible for more fatalities than the SARS coronavirus, despite being in the initial stage of a global pandemic. The first suspected case in the Philippines was investigated on January 22, 2020, and 633 suspected cases were reported as of March 1. We describe the clinical and …She may have just made her unofficial debut as secretary of State. When asked last November to opine on rumors that then-South Carolina governor Nikki Haley was in line to be secre...What do you do when that prejudice reveals itself? See tips on how to tell someone they sound prejudiced at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement Experts believe that everyone is prejudiced...pH020 is a warm grey with a hint of purple. 10-Free & non-toxic (does not contain TPHP, dibutyl phthalate, toluene, xylene, ethyl tosylamide, camphor, formaldehyde, formaldehyde resin, parabens, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide.) Long-lasting Easy to apply Professional-quality Vegan No animal testingPH-020-803 Dimensions (L/W/H) 1x1x1 Weight 0.1 lbs Category Waste Industry Hydraulic Cylinder. Description. Please call us at 1-877-219-9001 for current pricing and lead time. We will need to confirm the Cylinder Dimensions that we …Acetaminophen 325 mg. Purpose. Pain reliever/fever reducer. Uses. temporarily relieves minor aches and pains due to: the common cold - headache - backache - minor pain of arthritis - toothache - muscular aches - premenstrual and menstrual cramps - temporarily reduces ... Warnings. Liver warning: This product contains acetaminophen. The maximum ...PH020 Pull Handle - Lawrence Hardware Results 1 - 18 of 32 for " ph Round". Sort by. Results per page. PH 020. Pharbetol Regular Strength. Strength. acetaminophen 325 mg. Imprint. PH 020. PH020-2 possessed excellent PK profiles in all species with absolute bioavailability of 98% in dogs. At the same time, PH020-2 showed outstanding brain penetration in rats (Kp, 0.67). In three CDX models (H838, H2170, Hup-T4), PH020-2 at a dose of 25 mg/kg BID potently inhibited tumor growth, and tumor regression was observed at higher doses in ...A pair of HCT116 isogenic cell lines (MTAP-/- and MTAP+/+) were used to determine the effects of PH020-803 on cell proliferation and intracellular symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) content. The present data suggest that PH020-803 is an MTA-cooperative and brain-penetrable PRMT5 inhibitor that selectively targets MTAP-deleted tumors."Let us now consider the general problem of finding the pH of a buffer solution which is a mixture of a weak acid HA, of stoichiometric concentration c a, and its conjugate base A –, of stoichiom. [H3O+] = Ka × [HA] [A−] (7.24.1) (7.24.1) [ H 3 O +] = K a × [ HA] [ A −] Taking negative logarithms of both sides, we obtain.O Sabonete Micelar Make ON/OFF da Phalle Beauty foi desenvolvido para cuidados especiais antes e depois da Make. O Sabonete quando usado antes da maquiagem, ...The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is responsible for more fatalities than the SARS coronavirus, despite being in the initial stage of a global pandemic. The first suspected case in the Philippines was investigated on January 22, 2020, and 633 suspected cases were reported as of March 1. We describe the clinical and …Acetaminophen 325 mg. Purpose. Pain reliever/fever reducer. Uses. temporarily relieves minor aches and pains due to: the common cold - headache - backache - minor pain of arthritis - toothache - muscular aches - premenstrual and menstrual cramps - temporarily reduces ... Warnings. Liver warning: This product contains acetaminophen. The maximum ...Palomino. ₱9,895.00. Sophisticated and bold, this luxe take on the AJ1 delivers high-fashion bravado with equine flair. Premium leather pairs with Palomino panache, making your next 'fit smooth like MJ's game. And that pop of colour on the tongue? Pure gold. SKU: DZ5485-020.100 Translational Medicine associated with PH020-803. Login to view more data. 100 Patents (Medical) associated with PH020-803. Login to view more data. 100 Deals associated with PH020-803. Login to view more data. R&D Status. Indication Highest Phase Country/Location Organization; Neoplasms: Preclinical: CN .Uses. temporarily relieves minor aches and pains due to: the common cold - headache - …When 0.020 mol of HCl is added to 1.00 L of a solution, the pH of the solution can be calculated using the equation pH = -log[H3O+]. Since HCl is a strong acid and will dissociate completely, the pH after adding HCl is 1.70.Grace Enfield, Content WriterMar 30, 2023 Bottom Line: The Bank of America Balance Assist™ program is good for qualifying BofA checking account holders who need a small loan quickl...Pharbetol is a brand of acetaminophen that is used to treat mild to moderate pain and …MRTX1719. Mirati is advancing new research to address MTAP-deleted cancers with the goal of providing a potentially novel treatment option both as a monotherapy and in combination with other agents.. MRTX1719 is an investigational, internally discovered MTA-cooperative PRMT5 inhibitor that selectively binds the PRMT5-MTA complex, inhibiting …The Philippines is renowned as one of the species-rich countries and culturally megadiverse in ethnicity around the globe. However, ethnopharmacological studies in the Philippines are still limited especially in the most numerous ethnic tribal populations in the southern part of the archipelago. This present study aims to document …This choice will allow you to insert the correct values of at least three of the four variables. You can use our pH buffer calculator in many ways, directly to calculate the \text {pH} pH, or in reverse: \text {pK} pK, and a concentration to find the concentration of the other member of the pair.Power Requirement: 3500W Max. Power: 220-240V / 60Hz / 16A. Plug Type: No plug included, electric cord only. Cutout Dimensions (WxDxH): 26.8 x 50cm. *Best to have unit on site for actual measurement prior to cutting countertop material. Unit Dimensions (WxDxH): 28.8 x 52cm. Unit Weight: 5.2Kg.You have nobody at home who can take care of your pet dog and you're wondering how to sell it. In this article you will find out how to sell your pet. Advertisement A pet is define...Uses. temporarily relieves minor aches and pains due to: the common cold - headache - backache - minor pain of arthritis - toothache - muscular aches - premenstrual and menstrual cramps - temporarily reduces ... Warnings. Liver warning: This product contains acetaminophen. The maximum daily dose of this product is 10 tablets (3,250 mg) in 24 ...Learn about the potential side effects of PH 020 pill and how Nao Medical can help you manage them. Book an appointment today.Revision date: 04/07/2014 Revision: 1 Leak Detector Hazard Identification Number (ADR/RID) Tunnel restriction code (E) 14.7. Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL73/78 and the IBC CodeThe Philippines is renowned as one of the species-rich countries and culturally megadiverse in ethnicity around the globe. However, ethnopharmacological studies in the Philippines are still limited especially in the most numerous ethnic tribal populations in the southern part of the archipelago. This present study aims to document …Need a marketing strategy company in Poland? Read reviews & compare projects by leading marketing strategy firms. Find a company today! Development Most Popular Emerging Tech Devel...INDICATIONS & USAGE. adults and children 12 years and over. take 1 to 2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Do not take more than 8 tablets in 24 hours. children 6 to under 12 years. take 1 tablet every 4 to 6 hours as …The estimate of the hydrogen ion concentration is termed pH. The solution can be categorized into acidic, basic/neutral associated with the hydrogen ion concentration. The formula to evaluate a solution's pH is p H = − log. [ H +].Step 1. Calculate the pH in 0.020MH2SO3 (for which K al =1.5×10−2 and K a2 = 6.3×10−8 ). Express the pH to two decimal places. Part B Calculate the concentrations of H3O+ and OH− in 0.020MH2SO3. Express the molarities to two significant figures separated by a comma. Pill Imprint 020. This yellow round pill with imprint 020 on it has been identified as: Cyclobenzaprine 5 mg. This medicine is known as cyclobenzaprine. It is available as a prescription only medicine and is commonly used for Chronic Myofascial Pain, Fibromyalgia, Migraine, Muscle Spasm, Sciatica, Temporomandibular Joint Disorder, Back Pain, Pain. The current value of 1 USDT is ₱57.74 PHP. In other words, to buy 5 Tether, it would cost you ₱288.72 PHP. Inversely, ₱1.00 PHP would allow you to trade for 0.0173 USDT while ₱50.00 PHP would convert to 0.8659 USDT, not including platform or gas fees. In the last 7 days, the exchange rate has increased by 0.07%.PAC 20 Pill - white u-shape, 9mm . Generic Name: famotidine Pill with imprint PAC 20 is White, U-shape and has been identified as Pepcid AC Maximum Strength famotidine 20 mg. It is supplied by Johnson & Johnson / Merck Consumer Pharmaceuticals Co. Pepcid AC Maximum Strength Tablets is used in the treatment of Duodenal Ulcer; GERD; Erosive … 品名 : 【飛利浦PHILIPS】Hue系列 智慧照明LED 10W全彩情境燈泡-PH020 顏色 : 白色材質 : 玻璃 電壓 : 110V 尺寸 : Φ10xH130mm 最高瓦數: 10W 色溫: 白光和彩光 室內基礎照明,保固二年,有實體門市,購買更放心 免費家居裝潢諮詢 Line:@dreamlights ☷ ☎02-8509-8225(請在上班時間來電) 附發票 View All Sections. Active ingredient (per tablet) Acetaminophen 325mg. Purpose. Pain reliever/Fever reducer. Uses. Temporarily relieves minor aches and pains due to - the common cold - headache - backache - minor pain of arthritis - toothache - muscular aches - menstrual cramps - Temporarily reduces fever. Warnings.This article differentiates a destructive pride from a nurturing sense of dignity. Living with dignity keeps a certain kind of power within ourselves, whereas pride is often depend...Nov 7, 2020 · Abstract Eu-doped WO3 (WO3:Eu3+) nanoparticles were prepared by Pechini method under different pH values (pH 1, 3, 5, and 7). The prepared nano-powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results showed that the average external diameter of the prepared nano-WO3:Eu3+ powders is ... 1.1 Product identifier. Trade name: pH 10.01 at 25 C Sodium Carbonate/Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate (PH020) Registration number. registration number is not available for this substance as the substance or its uses are exempted for registration, the annual tonnage does not require a registration or the registration is envisaged for a later ...Grace Enfield, Content WriterMar 30, 2023 Bottom Line: The Bank of America Balance Assist™ program is good for qualifying BofA checking account holders who need a small loan quickl...Buy PH020 - Arctic Hayes - PH Gas Leak Detector Spray, 400ml at CPC. order PH020 now! great prices with fast delivery on Arctic Hayes products.

Calculate the pH of a 0.020 M carbonic acid solution, H 2 CO 3 ( aq ), that has the stepwise dissociation constants K a1 =4.3x10 -7 and K a2 =5.6x10 -11. possible answers include: 6.37. 10.25. . Menards youngstown ohio

ph020

The current value of 1 USDT is ₱57.74 PHP. In other words, to buy 5 Tether, it would cost you ₱288.72 PHP. Inversely, ₱1.00 PHP would allow you to trade for 0.0173 USDT while ₱50.00 PHP would convert to 0.8659 USDT, not including platform or gas fees. In the last 7 days, the exchange rate has increased by 0.07%.We tested booking flights and hotels through incognito mode, third-party services like Expedia and Priceline and apps like Hopper to see if it makes a difference in price. Here's w...Drug therapy of osteoarthritis (OA) is limited by the short retention and lacking of stimulus-responsiveness after intra-articular (IA) injection. The weak acid microenvironment in joint provides a potential trigger for controlled drug release systems in the treatment of OA. Herein, we developed an pH-responsive metal − organic … Calculate the pH when 25.0 mL of 0.020 M 2-aminophenol have been titrated with 10.9 mL of 0.015 M HClO4. Known: pKa1 = 4.70, pKa2 = 9.97. There are 2 steps to solve this one. Expert-verified. View All Sections. Active ingredient (per tablet) Acetaminophen 325mg. Purpose. Pain reliever/Fever reducer. Uses. Temporarily relieves minor aches and pains due to - the common cold - headache - backache - minor pain of arthritis - toothache - muscular aches - menstrual cramps - Temporarily reduces fever. Warnings.Calculate the pH when 25.0 mL of 0.020 M 2-aminophenol have been titrated with 10.9 mL of 0.015 M HClO4. Known: pKa1 = 4.70, pKa2 = 9.97. There are 2 steps to solve this one. Expert-verified.PH020 Homopolymer Polypropylene VINPOL PH020 is a propylene homopolymer with a low flow rate and a broad molecular weight distribution. Targeted applications include flat yarns for woven bags, tape and rope, as well as vacuum forming use in food packaging and industrial trays. This resin is compliant with 21 CFR 177.1520 (C).Apr 4, 2023 · Accordingly, PH020-803 possessed good pharmacokinetic profile in mice and rats with absolute bioavailability at 74% and 58%, respectively. Conclusion: The present data suggest that PH020-803 is an MTA-cooperative and brain-penetrable PRMT5 inhibitor that selectively targets MTAP-deleted tumors. Opill, the first nonprescription oral contraceptive pill (OCP) to be granted FDA approval,[1] is a synthetic progesterone (norgestrel) 0.075 mg tablet taken daily (with no placebo week). The following are important facts for women and physicians to know as Opill hits the market for the first time in 2024. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Opill, which is a …PH 020 is the imprint of a white round pill that contains Pharbetol, a generic form of acetaminophen, a pain reliever and fever reducer. It is available as a prescription and/or OTC medicine for fever, muscle pain and pain.These PH020 silent disco headphones offer a powerful audio performance and their padded on-ear enclosures means that they are comfortable to wear for long ...Let us now consider the general problem of finding the pH of a buffer solution which is a mixture of a weak acid HA, of stoichiometric concentration c a, and its conjugate base A –, of stoichiom. [H3O+] = Ka × [HA] [A−] (7.24.1) (7.24.1) [ H 3 O +] = K a × [ HA] [ A −] Taking negative logarithms of both sides, we obtain.Burt Process is an AUTHORIZED DISTRIBUTOR of this product. and may not be an exact representation. The Signet 2580 FlowtraMag Meter connects wirelessly via smartphone. Users can easily configure and calibrate required parameters for their system, access process data, and clone settings using the GF Configuration Tool Bluetooth® App.Palomino. ₱9,895.00. Sophisticated and bold, this luxe take on the AJ1 delivers high-fashion bravado with equine flair. Premium leather pairs with Palomino panache, making your next 'fit smooth like MJ's game. And that pop of colour on …MRTX1719. Mirati is advancing new research to address MTAP-deleted cancers with the goal of providing a potentially novel treatment option both as a monotherapy and in combination with other agents.. MRTX1719 is an investigational, internally discovered MTA-cooperative PRMT5 inhibitor that selectively binds the PRMT5-MTA complex, inhibiting ….

Popular Topics